Magnetic susceptibility in the European Loess Belt: New and existing models of magnetic enhancement in loess

Magnetic susceptibility measurements play a key role in Quaternary studies. proxies, such as low field and frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility, are widely applied the reconstruction of terrestrial paleoclimate, e.g., study loess-paleosol successions. In general, interpretation loess signals is based on two commonly accepted models: pedogenic enhancement wind-vigour models. However, there an increasing number cases where models cannot be used. These show unusual relationships between common proxies: susceptibility. Such have been attributed to various phenomena including dissolution fine-grain minerals formation ultrafine rims surface coarser grains by weathering. Despite growing these exceptional enhancement, our knowledge about occurrence potential causes behaviour parameters still limited. This, turn, hinders wider application loess. To fill this gap, data profiles from European Loess Belt were collected compared reveal trends Along with analysis parameters, combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM) rock analyses samples Paks sequence Hungary describe some irregular cases, notably cause non-altered sediments. Analysis loess, paleosol mineral separated (e.g., muscovite) revealed that features may responsible for values: i) weathering (maghemitization) detrital grains, ii) nanofragmentation physical iii) appearance significant amounts inclusions micas. special modes do not undermine importance basic theories suggested above, but rather provide three mechanisms account cases. aid more accurate use we review current emphasis identification understanding their drivers.